Hazards

93 pages

• Alumina ToxicologyAlumina Toxicology Introduction Occurs in nature as the minerals bauxite, bayerite, corundum, diaspore, gibbsite. Types Alumina or Aluminium Oxide, Al 2 O 3 . This oxide exists in several forms: Alpha-Al 2 O 3 , the pure form obtained by…
• Ammonia and Latex ToxicityAmmonia and Latex Toxicity Ammonia-dissolved pre-vulcanized latex is of everyday usage to make flexible moulds and peelable protections. In this last case, it is mainly used in ceramic decoration, to carry out resists in the application of…
• Antimony OxideAntimony Oxide Antimony compounds are toxic and dangerous. They can cause dermatitis, conjunctivitis, nasal-septum ulceration through direct contact or by inhalation of dust or fumes. Antimony oxide has caused lung tumors in laboratory…
• Are colored porcelains hazardous?Are colored porcelains hazardous? Colored porcelains are pigmented by ceramic stains , stains are largely insoluble and thus pose little threat on skin contact. Encapsulated stains must not be ball-milled for glazes (to lessen particle…
• Arsenic OxideArsenic Oxide Arsenic and its salts are highly toxic and its effects are well known. See the URLs referenced here for more information. Related Information Links Materials Arsenic Oxide URLs…
• Asbestos ToxicityAsbestos Toxicity Asbestos was not used in ceramic body or glaze formulations; it was used to make insulating boards and blankets for kilns and furnaces. It performed extremely well as a refractory and has been difficult to replace. A…
• Ball ClayBall Clay Ball clays are hydrous aluminum silicates of approximate formula Al 2 O 3 , 2SiO 2 2H 2 O. They are inert (insoluble, non-flammable, non-decomposing, non-polymerizing) and non-toxic by ingestion. See 'Silica' for more…
• BARIUM and COMPOUNDS ToxicologyBARIUM and COMPOUNDS Toxicology Compounds The main water soluble salts are: the acetate, chloride, hydroxide, oxide, nitrate. The main insoluble salts are : the arsenate, carbonate, chromate, fluoride, oxalate, sulphate. Uses Rodenticide,…
• Barium Carbonate in Clay BodiesBarium Carbonate in Clay Bodies MSDS sheets indicate that barium (CAS: 7440-39-3) is poison and toxic if ingested. MSDS sheets also claim that barium is an irritant for inhalation and skin contact. Excessive amounts can cause violent…
• Barium Carbonate in GlazesBarium Carbonate in Glazes Raw barium carbonate powder is well known as a poisonous substance. It is used to supply BaO to glazes. The extent to which these might leach the BaO into food or drink depends on the chemical balance of the…
• Bentonite ToxicityBentonite Toxicity Bentonite is a ground naturally occurring clay. It is inorganic, non-toxic , non-irritating. It is not considered hazardous on skin contact (it is employed in cosmetics and skin products as a suspender). Eye contact…
• Beryllium Monoxide ToxicologyBeryllium Monoxide Toxicology Identification : CAS number : 1304-56-9 UN number : UN1566 Molecular formula : BeO Molecular weight: 25.01 Main Synonyms: French Names : Oxyde de béryllium Oxyde de glucinium (old appellation) English Names :…
• Bismuth Trioxide ToxicologyBismuth Trioxide Toxicology Introduction Bismuth trioxide occurs in nature as the mineral bismite. I-Product Identification Synonyms Bismuth oxide bismuth yellow bismuthous oxide dibismuth trioxide. CAS No.: 1304-76-3 Molecular weight:…
• Boron Compounds and Their ToxicityBoron Compounds and Their Toxicity COLOR="#004080"> COLOR="#004080">SOURCES : -Boric acid (BO 3 H3), -Sodium tetraborate, anhydrous or Anhydrous Borax (Na 2 B4O7), these two materials are mainly used in the manufacture of boron frits . -…
• Brown StainBrown Stain This is a summary. A detailed data sheet is available from Johnson Matthey at emergency phone # 610-648-8185 (24 hrs). Primary routes of exposure: Inhalation and ingestion. Target Organs (by metal) Chromium-skin,…
• Cadmium ToxicityCadmium Toxicity Compounds : cadmium oxide; cadmium carbonate; cadmium chloride; cadmium sulfate; cadmium sulfide. Uses: The metal is used in electroplating, in solder for aluminium, as a constituent of easily fusible alloys, as a…
• Calcium Carbonate ToxicologyCalcium Carbonate Toxicology Identification and Uses CAS Number: 471-34-1 Molecular formula: CaCO₃ Uses and Emission Sources Paper fabrication Plastic fabrication Ceramics Toxicology This product is absorbed by the respiratory tract. I -…
• Carbon Monoxide ToxicityCarbon Monoxide Toxicity On this page : Carbon Monoxide by Edouard Bastarache, Introduction , Sources of exposure , Toxicological properties , Biological parameter , Hygiene & Safety , Prevention , Protection measures , Exposure Standards…
• Cesium ToxicologyCesium Toxicology Identification and Uses CAS number: 20281-00-9 Molecular formula: CS 2 O Uses and Emission Sources: Inorganic material Glassmaking - crystal manufacture Toxicology I - Mode of Entry: Inhalation Skin Ingestion II - Effects…
• Chromium Compounds ToxicologyChromium Compounds Toxicology Introduction : It is a grey-white metal very resistant to wear. Chromium is produced from chromite, FeO .Cr 2 O 3 , by roasting and extraction in the form of chromate which is then reduced to chromium metal.…
• Clay ToxicityClay Toxicity Kaolin is the purest clay that nature offers, one TLV (threshold limit value) quoted for it is 2.0 milligrams per cubic meter of air breathed (primarily because of the potential of associated quartz). By comparison, iron…
• Cobalt Oxide and CarbonateCobalt Oxide and Carbonate While cobalt is needed in the diet and is found in trace amounts in many foods, excessive exposure may cause pulmonary distress symptoms (Asthma) and dermatitis. Therefore prudence suggests that ceramic glazes…
• Cobalt ToxicologyCobalt Toxicology Introduction : Cobalt (Co)-atomic weight 58.9, density 8.9 g/cm3, and melting point 1495 0C, is water- insoluble, but soluble in acids. It is a bluish-white metal, shiny, very hard, with magnetic properties. The most…
• Copper Compounds ToxicologyAll Hazards Alumina Toxicology | Ammonia and Latex Toxicity | Antimony Oxide | Are colored porcelains hazardous? | Arsenic Oxide | Asbestos Toxicity | Ball Clay | BARIUM and COMPOUNDS Toxicology | Barium Carbonate in Clay Bodies | Barium…
• Copper Compounds ToxicologyAll Hazards Alumina Toxicology | Ammonia and Latex Toxicity | Antimony Oxide | Are colored porcelains hazardous? | Arsenic Oxide | Asbestos Toxicity | Ball Clay | BARIUM and COMPOUNDS Toxicology | Barium Carbonate in Clay Bodies | Barium…
• Copper Oxide and CarbonateCopper Oxide and Carbonate With limited exposure copper is considered relatively safe to use. However when added to low lead solubility glazes copper causes the solubility of the lead to be greatly increased. Solubility of glazes of other…
• Cristobalite ToxicityCristobalite Toxicity Tridymite and cristobalite phases of silica . Ordinary kiln wash made from a mixture of kaolin and quartz can produce significant amounts of very fine grained cristobalite. This poses a greater health risk than…
• Cryolite and CeramicsAll Hazards Alumina Toxicology | Ammonia and Latex Toxicity | Antimony Oxide | Are colored porcelains hazardous? | Arsenic Oxide | Asbestos Toxicity | Ball Clay | BARIUM and COMPOUNDS Toxicology | Barium Carbonate in Clay Bodies | Barium…
• Dealing With Dust in CeramicsDealing With Dust in Ceramics Indoor air pollution of all types is considered one of the most important health hazards of our time. The dramatic rise in the incidence of Asthma is said to be evidence of this. Ceramic arts, crafts,…
• Diatomaceous Earth ToxicologyDiatomaceous Earth Toxicology Synonyms Diatomite, diatomaceous silica , infusorial earth. Uses In the production of filters, polishes, absorbents, insulators. Toxicity Amorphous silica, natural diatomaceous earth, is usually considered to…
• Dioxins in ClaysDioxins in Clays Compounds : Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are tricyclic aromatic compounds with similar chemical and physical properties . They are ubiquitous in the environment and usually do not…
• Epsom SaltsEpsom Salts Very small amounts of this electrolyte material are normally used to adjust the rheology properties of ceramic glaze and clay slurries. It is not considered a hazardous material although it may cause irritation on inhalation or…
• Eye Injuries Due to RadiationEye Injuries Due to Radiation 1-Injuries Due to Ionizing Radiation : X-rays, beta rays, and other radiation sources in adequate doses can cause ocular injury. A) Lids: The eyelid is particularly vulnerable to x-ray damage because of the…
• FeldsparFeldspar Feldspars typically contain 5% or more free silica and thus pose similar hazards to quartz. They are employed in large percentages in almost all clay bodies and in most glazes. There are hundreds of different brand names, try to…
• Fighting Micro-Organisms in CeramicsFighting Micro-Organisms in Ceramics Edouard Bastarache, doctor of Occupational & Environmental Medicine in Quebec, and also ceramicist, translated this from Smart.Conseil's French site, le site Français dédié aux passionnés de céramique.…
• Fluorine GasFluorine Gas Various material used in ceramics can generate fluorine gas during firing. This gas in hazardous, for example ILO says: Avoid all contact and in all cases contact a doctor. For example, fluorspar contains alot of fluorine has…
• Fumes from gas kilnsFumes from gas kilns Carbon monoxide (CO) is the principle hazard of firing a gas kiln - the same as a gas kitchen stove, water heater or house furnace. A gas kiln, by the necessity of achieving combustion and an even atmosphere and heat…
• Gallium Oxide ToxicologyGallium Oxide Toxicology Introduction CAS # :12024-21-4 Transition metal oxide Toxicology Exists as a white powder. Experimental Toxicology Oral LD50 : 10000 mg/kg (mus), therefore low toxicity by ingestion. Rats exposed by inhalation to…
• Hafnium Oxide ToxictyHafnium Oxide Toxicty Identification Synonym: Hafnium Dioxide Formula: HfO2 CAS # 12055-23-1 Source Hafnium (Hf) is found in association with zirconium ores, production based on zircon (ZrSiO 4 ) concentrates which contain 0.5% to 2%…
• Hydrofluoric Acid ToxicityHydrofluoric Acid Toxicity Background Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is one of the strongest inorganic acids. Its use is mainly industrial, including glass etching, metal cleaning and electronics manufacturing. It may be found in home rust…
• Iron oxide and HematiteIron oxide and Hematite Iron (Fe) is an abundant metal, constituting about 5% of the earth's crust. Common iron ores are : 1-Hematite (Fe COLOR="#004080">2 COLOR="#004080">O COLOR="#004080">3 ), 2-Magnetite (Fe COLOR="#004080">3…
• Lead ChromateLead Chromate Lead chromate is toxic and regarded as teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. Glazes saturated with lead and chrome are thus potentially dangerous also. Related Information Links Materials Lead Chromate Got a Question?…
• Lead in Ceramic GlazesLead in Ceramic Glazes Lead has long been used in ceramic glazes and the hazards or its improper use have also long been known.The book "Research on Leadless Glazes" by William James Furnival was written in 1898 and was dedicated "To all…
• Lead ToxicologyLead Toxicology Note: The CDC published a revised view of lead in 2012, so material on this page may be outdated. See the glossary entry for more information. Sources : The inorganic compounds which are of concern in ceramics are : -basic…
• Lithium Carbonate ToxicityLithium Carbonate Toxicity Following is a sample of a warning you might see on a bag of lithium: "By OSHA definition, lithium carbonate is not an acutely toxic chemical, but accidental inhalation or ingestion of large amounts (more than a…
• Lithium ToxicologyLithium Toxicology There is no described professional intoxication from the use of this element. Data on its toxicity to man comes from its use as the treatment of choice in manic-depressive states, and from suicidal attempts. Treatment…
• Man-Made Vitreous Fibers (MMVF) ToxicologyMan-Made Vitreous Fibers (MMVF) Toxicology Introduction This page is written in 2006, from a Canadian perspective, and is based on legislation in Quebec. It was reviewed in 2021 by Edouard Bastarache, he noted the following (which we…
• Man-Made Vitreous Fibers Safety UpdateMan-Made Vitreous Fibers Safety Update A report we received May 2021 from NAIMA (North American Insulation Manufacturers Association) giving a current US perspective from the industry. A link to the PDF version of this document (with…
• Manganese and Parkinsons by Jane WatkinsManganese and Parkinsons by Jane Watkins PARKINSON'S DISEASE: My Story JANE WATKINS (LANYON) - (Age 47 years) In December 1992 I was diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease possibly related to manganese Poisoning, this was due to the fact that…
• Manganese in Clay BodiesManganese in Clay Bodies A number of minerals source manganese in very high percentages, these can be used to make pure manganese dioxide, which is used in the manufacture of stains and as a raw colorant in glazes. However, clay body…
• Manganese Inorganic Compounds ToxicologyManganese Inorganic Compounds Toxicology Compounds Manganese compounds used by potters are inorganic , like manganese dioxide, oxide and manganese carbonate. Uses Metallic applications account for most manganese consumption, with about 90%…
• Manganese Toxicity by Elke BlodgettManganese Toxicity by Elke Blodgett Disclaimer June 2022: This article is meant to convey the danger of exposure to manganese metal fumes. In places it may appear the author is also implicating skin contact as a hazard. Please read the…
• Manganese: Creativity and Illness by Dierdre O'ReillyManganese: Creativity and Illness by Dierdre O'Reilly ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Jane Lanyon for her constant support throughout this thesis. Also, Yvonne Robinson, Diana Hobson, and my tutor Nicola Gordon Bowe. "I see…
• Molybdenum Compounds ToxicologyMolybdenum Compounds Toxicology Introduction : Molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) is used in ceramics as a colorant to produce yellowish and yellow green colors. Sources : Molybdenum is obtained from such ores as : -molybdenite (MoS2);…
• Nickel Compounds ToxicityNickel Compounds Toxicity Chemical and Physical Forms : Nickel (atomic number, 28; atomic weight, 58.7; boiling point, 2,732 C; specific gravity , 8.9 at 25 C), from natural sources, is a mixture of 5 stable isotopes. 9 unstable nickel…
• Niobium Oxide ToxicityNiobium Oxide Toxicity Low toxicity by ingestion. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of niobium. Niobium Some niobium is found in all parts of the body. No reports of human intoxication. An eye and severe skin irritant. Can…
• Occupational DermatosesOccupational Dermatoses Occupational dermatoses FACE="Arial">are not a major problem in the pottery industry, the incidence being less than 1%. Here are some causes found in the pertinent medical literature: -Antimony trioxide -1,2…
• Overview of Material Safety by Gavin StairsOverview of Material Safety by Gavin Stairs Gavin Stairs [email protected] Toxicology is a moving target, and a sensitive one at that. So there is no once and for all answer to what's bad and what's good. At the same time, I detect a note…
• Paraffin ToxicologyParaffin Toxicology INDENTIFICATION : CAS number : 8002-74-2 MAIN SYNONYMS : French names : Paraffine, cire de (fumées) CIRE DE PARAFFINE FUMEE DE PARAFFINE English names : Paraffin wax, fume HARD PARAFFIN USES AND SOURCES OF EMISSION :…
• Perlite ToxicityPerlite Toxicity One source states "Perlite is insoluble, stable, and inert with no known effects of exposure; can be treated as an innocuous dust. Perlite is partially soluble in hydroflouric acid". However Perlite creates an exceedingly…
• Plant Ash ToxicityPlant Ash Toxicity While the ash of most plants is very high in fluxing oxides like CaO and MgO , some plants take up much more free silica from the soil and have ash that can be high in silica particles (e.g. rice husk ash). Prolonged…
• Potassium Carbonate ToxicityPotassium Carbonate Toxicity Identification and uses : CAS number : 584-08-7 Molecular formula : K2CO 3 Uses and emission sources : -Manufacture of organic and inorganic materials. -Ceramics Toxicology : This product is absorbed by the…
• Pregnancy and CeramicsPregnancy and Ceramics Possible hazards concerning pregnant or nursing women There are four (4) large groups of hazards pregnant or nursing women must face in the world of ceramics and crystalware making : -biological hazards, -chemical…
• Propane ToxicologyPropane Toxicology Identification : CAS Number : 74-98-6 UN Number : 1978 Molecular Formula : C3H8 Molecular Weight : 44.11 Main Synonyms : French Names : N-Propane, Propane. English Names : Propane, Dimethylmethane. Comment : An…
• Quartz ToxicityQuartz Toxicity Quartz, silica , and flint are non-toxic materials having no known adverse health effects from ingestion. However, Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) particles sufficiently small to stay air-born long enough to be inhaled…
• Quartz Toxicity on ClayartQuartz Toxicity on Clayart This material was taken from the Clayart discussion group. The name of the author has been lost. If you are the author please contact us so we can credit you. When Silica ( SiO 2 ) combines with other cations to…
• Rare Earth Compounds ToxicityRare Earth Compounds Toxicity Occurrence and Chemical Properties : The term rare earths usually refers to the lanthanum series (atomic numbers 57 to 71) with yttrium (39), also called the lanthanons (39, 57 to 71). They are found together…
• Rubidium and Cesium ToxicologyRubidium and Cesium Toxicology Characteristics : Atomic weight: Rb 85.468, Cs 132.905 Rubidium and Cesium are monovalent alkaline metals among those which present the highest number of protons and atomic weight. Their activity increases…
• Rutile ToxicologyRutile Toxicology Introduction : Rutile is one of the crystalline forms of titania. For many chemists rutile is synonymous with titania, TiO2 , but to a ceramicist it indicates an impure iron-bearing ore of titanium , an accessory mineral…
• Silicosis and ScreeningSilicosis and Screening 1-Introduction : Pneumoconioses : Parenchymal lung diseases due to chronic inhalation of inorganic (mineral) dusts are called pneumoconioses. Certain inorganic dusts, such as those containing silica , coal,…
• Silver Compounds ToxicologySilver Compounds Toxicology Compounds : -silver nitrate, -silver chloride, -silver oxide, -silver sulfide. Physical Form : Elemental silver is a lustrous, white, solid metal Uses : -photographic materials, -electrical and electronics…
• Sodium Azide ToxicologySodium Azide Toxicology Introduction There are potters who suggest the use of Sodium Azide as a biocide in slips and gums. "Depending on time, temperature, pH, gum can be attacked by microbes or molds. If this happens store in a cooler…
• Sodium Carbonate ToxicologySodium Carbonate Toxicology Identification and Uses CAS Number : 497-19-8 Molecular Formula: Na 2 CO 3 Uses and sources of emission Manufacture of soap, softening agents, Ceramics. Toxicology This product is absorbed by the respiratory and…
• Sodium Silicate Powder ToxicologySodium Silicate Powder Toxicology Identification Cas Number : 1344-09-8 French Names : Silicate de sodium Silicate de sodium (ratio SiO 2 :Na 2 O greater than 2,4:1) English Names : Sodium silicate Silicic acid, sodium salt Sodium…
• Stannous Chloride ToxicityStannous Chloride Toxicity There are 2 types of tin chloride: 1-SnCl2 2-SnCl4 According to Robin Hopper's "The Ceramic Spectrum" the first type(stannous chloride) is the one used in pottery making. It is a poison by ingestion,…
• Strontium Carbonate Toxicity NoteStrontium Carbonate Toxicity Note The greatest danger to humans is from artificial isotopes 89Sr and 90Sr produced in nuclear reactions; fallout of 90 Sr mainly from atmospheric nuclear explosions (and power-plant reactor accidents) has…
• Sulfur Dioxide ToxicitySulfur Dioxide Toxicity Sulfur is an impurity in many common raw stoneware , fireclay , brick and earthenware clays (we have seen it as high as 5% in whole rock analyses of some earthenware clays!). During firing it forms a pungent gas…
• Talc Hazards OverviewTalc Hazards Overview Health concerns about talc revolve mainly around the non-platiform content, the extent to which these are asbestos, and how high the aspect ratio (length:width ratio) of non-platy particles need to be to make them a…
• Talc ToxicologyTalc Toxicology Introduction Talc as a pure chemical compound is a hydrous magnesium silicate, [Mg6 (Si8O20) (OH4)], that exists in sheetlike crystalline forms or as fibers. The purity and physical form of any sample depends on the source…
• Thallium Oxide ToxicologyThallium Oxide Toxicology Introduction : Formula : Tl2O 3 CAS # : 1314-32-5 Insoluble in water. Uses : Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction. Toxicology : I-Routes of Entry : Inhalation, Skin,…
• Thorium Dioxide ToxicityThorium Dioxide Toxicity Identification and Uses : CAS Number :1314-20-1 Thorium Dioxide is a heavy, white, crystalline (sand-like) powder. It is used in : -ceramics, -in nuclear fuels, -as a catalyst, -in electrodes for arc welding.…
• Tin Inorganic CompoundsTin Inorganic Compounds Introduction Tin is a malleable white metal which can easily be rolled in thin sheets. In the soil, tin concentration varies from 2 to 200 mg/kg, and the air of the rural environment contains less than 10ng/m³. In…
• Titanium Dioxide ToxicologyTitanium Dioxide Toxicology Titanium is one of the most common components of the earth039;s crust, ninth in abundance. It occurs naturally as ilmenite (iron titanate) and rutile ( titanium dioxide ). Titanium forms four distinct oxides :…
• Toxicological Assessment of ZeolitesToxicological Assessment of Zeolites Toxicological Assessment of Zeolites Authors: Thomas JA, Ballantyne B Source: Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Vol. 11, No. 3, pages 259-273, 97 references, 1992 Abstract: The biological…
• Tungsten Compounds ToxicologyTungsten Compounds Toxicology Synonym : Wolfram Compounds : -Tungsten carbide, -Tungsten sulfide, -Tungsten carbonyl, -Tungsten chloride, -Tungsten fluoride, -Tungsten oxychloride, -Tungsten silicide, -Tungsten oxide, -Tungstic acid,…
• Understanding Acronyms on MSDS'sUnderstanding Acronyms on MSDS's Material safety is a concern of everyone these days, especially educational institutions. While none of the materials we commonly use pose acute poisoning risks, they do present some hazards over years of…
• Uranium and CeramicsUranium and Ceramics Translated by Edouard Bastarache Here is through some excerpts of articles by authors having published works on ceramics (of which some became very rare) during the 19th. and 20th. century, an outline of what was the…
• Uranium in Ceramic GlazesUranium in Ceramic Glazes This information has been cut-and-pasted from a discussion on ClayArt during late 2003 and early 2004. The dialog was started because someone submitted an old glaze containing uranium. You decide what you think…
• Vanadium and Compounds ToxicologyVanadium and Compounds Toxicology Compounds pentoxide Uses V2O5 ferrovanadium containing from 30% to 95% vanadium, special steels with vanadium carbide, hard alloys with chromium, nickel, manganese, boron , titanium , tungsten, etc. in…
• VermiculiteVermiculite Much of vermiculite toxicity is associated with asbestos. According to the Centers For Disease Control, prolonged exposure to asbestos can lead to asbestosis (fibrosis), an inflammation of the chest cavity also known as…
• Zinc Compounds ToxicologyZinc Compounds Toxicology Sources and Production : Zinc is a bluish-white soft metal. It is always divalent. When heated to temperatures higher than 500 C, zinc volatilizes into small zinc oxide particles that rapidly flocculate as they…
• Zirconium Compounds ToxicityZirconium Compounds Toxicity Introduction Zirconium (Zr) constitutes about 0.2% of the earth039;s crust, common minerals bind zircon , zirconium dioxide and zirconates. Uses in alloys and metals used in nuclear power, aerospace and various…
• Zirconium Encapsulated Stains ToxicityZirconium Encapsulated Stains Toxicity The individual particles of these stains have been embedded into refractory grains of zirconia to enable them to resist being taking into solution in the melting glaze. They thus have a recommended…